"Introduction"

#12964659

8 November 2025

A group holds a blue banner featuring a white dove with an olive branch and German text reading ''Frieden,'' ''Freiheit,'' and ''Selbstbestimmung'' (Peace, Freedom, and Self-Determination). The banner is displayed at a demonstration in Munich, Bavaria, Germany, on November 8, 2025.

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#12964661

8 November 2025

Two women hold a blue peace flag featuring a white dove with an olive branch and the words ''Peace,'' ''Mir,'' and ''Paix'' in yellow text (Peace in English, Russian, and French). The flag is displayed at a demonstration in Munich, Bavaria, Germany, on November 8, 2025.

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#12964673

8 November 2025

A crowd of demonstrators holds a large yellow banner with black German text reading ''Es gibt keinen gerechten Krieg!'' (There is no just war!) and the web address ''pazifistinnen.de''. The banner is displayed in the center of Munich, Bavaria, Germany, on November 8, 2025.

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#12964682

8 November 2025

Demonstrators hold a blue flag with yellow text and a red flag from the Ver.di union that includes a white sign reading ''Mein Kind geb' ich nicht. Geht doch selber hin!'' (I won't give my child. Go there yourselves!). These are displayed at a demonstration in Munich, Bavaria, Germany, on November 8, 2025.

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#12964714

8 November 2025

A woman holds a cardboard sign with German text reading ''Der Friedenswille verhandelt. Der Kriegswille rustet auf.'' (The will for peace negotiates. The will for war arms itself.). The sign is held at a demonstration in Munich, Bavaria, Germany, on November 8, 2025.

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#12964715

8 November 2025

A person holds a sign with German text reading ''Nie wieder kriegstuchtig werden! Frieden Jetzt!'' (Never again be made fit for war! Peace Now!). The sign is held at a demonstration in Munich, Bavaria, Germany, on November 8, 2025.

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#12964716

8 November 2025

A man holds a white sign reading ''FUR DIPLOMATIE GEGEN RUSSOPHOBIE'' (FOR DIPLOMACY AGAINST RUSSOPHOBIA) at a demonstration in Munich, Bavaria, Germany, on November 8, 2025. Other signs and banners opposing conscription and war are visible in the crowd.

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#12964691

8 November 2025

A blue banner is held by demonstrators with German text reading ''Deutschland kriegstuchtig und unfahig machen'' (Making Germany fit for war and incapable) and ''SOZIALISMUS ODER BARBAREI'' (SOCIALISM OR BARBARISM). This is seen at a demonstration in Munich, Bavaria, Germany, on November 8, 2025.

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#12963389

8 November 2025

Thousands of members of the Korean Federation of Trade Unions (KFTU) hold placards reading ''A Completely New Labor, 2025 KFTU National Workers' Rally'' and chant slogans during the rally on Yeouidaero in Yeongdeungpo District, Seoul, on November 8, 2025. Rep. Jun Hyun-hee (third from left in the front row), a supreme council member of the Democratic Party, attended the event. According to an unofficial police estimate, about 12,000 people joined the rally, where the KFTU called for extending the mandatory retirement age to 65, guaranteeing political rights for teachers and public officials, and introducing a 4.5-day workweek.

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#12963390

8 November 2025

Participants chant slogans during the 2025 Korean Federation of Trade Unions (KFTU) National Workers' Rally on Yeouidaero in Yeongdeungpo District, Seoul, on November 8, 2025. According to an unofficial police estimate, about 12,000 people attend the rally, where the KFTU calls for extending the mandatory retirement age to 65, guaranteeing political rights for teachers and public officials, and introducing a 4.5-day workweek.

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#12963391

8 November 2025

Participants chant slogans during the 2025 Korean Federation of Trade Unions (KFTU) National Workers' Rally on Yeouidaero in Yeongdeungpo District, Seoul, on November 8, 2025. According to an unofficial police estimate, about 12,000 people attend the rally, where the KFTU calls for extending the mandatory retirement age to 65, guaranteeing political rights for teachers and public officials, and introducing a 4.5-day workweek.

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#12963392

8 November 2025

Participants chant slogans during the 2025 Korean Federation of Trade Unions (KFTU) National Workers' Rally on Yeouidaero in Yeongdeungpo District, Seoul, on November 8, 2025. According to an unofficial police estimate, about 12,000 people attend the rally, where the KFTU calls for extending the mandatory retirement age to 65, guaranteeing political rights for teachers and public officials, and introducing a 4.5-day workweek.

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#12963393

8 November 2025

Thousands of members of the Korean Federation of Trade Unions (KFTU) hold placards reading ''A Completely New Labor, 2025 KFTU National Workers' Rally'' and chant slogans during the rally on Yeouidaero in Yeongdeungpo District, Seoul, on November 8, 2025. According to an unofficial police estimate, about 12,000 people attend the event, where the KFTU calls for extending the mandatory retirement age to 65, guaranteeing political rights for teachers and public officials, and introducing a 4.5-day workweek.

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#12963394

8 November 2025

Thousands of members of the Korean Federation of Trade Unions (KFTU) hold placards reading ''A Completely New Labor, 2025 KFTU National Workers' Rally'' and chant slogans during the rally on Yeouidaero in Yeongdeungpo District, Seoul, on November 8, 2025. According to an unofficial police estimate, about 12,000 people attend the event, where the KFTU calls for extending the mandatory retirement age to 65, guaranteeing political rights for teachers and public officials, and introducing a 4.5-day workweek.

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#12963395

8 November 2025

Thousands of members of the Korean Federation of Trade Unions (KFTU) hold placards reading ''A Completely New Labor, 2025 KFTU National Workers' Rally'' and chant slogans during the rally on Yeouidaero in Yeongdeungpo District, Seoul, on November 8, 2025. According to an unofficial police estimate, about 12,000 people attend the event, where the KFTU calls for extending the mandatory retirement age to 65, guaranteeing political rights for teachers and public officials, and introducing a 4.5-day workweek.

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#12963396

8 November 2025

Members of the Korea Water Resources Corporation labor union chant slogans during the 2025 Korean Federation of Trade Unions (KFTU) National Workers' Rally on Yeouidaero in Yeongdeungpo District, Seoul, on November 8, 2025. According to an unofficial police estimate, about 12,000 people attend the rally, where the KFTU calls for extending the mandatory retirement age to 65, guaranteeing political rights for teachers and public officials, and introducing a 4.5-day workweek.

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