"democracy in Italy"

#12182619

22 March 2025

The house in Ventotene, Italy, where Altiero Spinelli keeps a watch repair shop during the confinement, on September 23, 2019. Ventotene lacked plaques or signs commemorating its historical events for many years. Between 1941 and 1942, amid the war rubble on this small island between Lazio and Campania, Altiero Spinelli and a small group of individuals drafted the Ventotene manifesto--a text advocating European unity. The island's history as a place of confinement spans 2,000 years, as evidenced by the remains of Julia's Roman villa, where Augustus' daughter was exiled. This legacy is preserved in local memory and can be seen in the remnants of former shops, lodgings, and canteens, as well as in a bookshop and publishing house dedicated to maintaining this heritage. In a period marked by renewed debate over the European project, Ventotene--reflecting a long history of both confinement and liberation--has been linked to pro-European sentiment. On the island, an independent bookshop, an annual meeting of young federalists, and a literature festival addressing themes of freedom and democracy have been established.

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#12182603

22 March 2025

Andrea lives in Ventotene and produces lentils, a product of the local tradition, on September 25, 2019. Ventotene lacked plaques or signs commemorating its historical events for many years. Between 1941 and 1942, amid the war rubble on this small island between Lazio and Campania, Altiero Spinelli and a small group of individuals drafted the Ventotene manifesto--a text advocating European unity. The island's history as a place of confinement spans 2,000 years, as evidenced by the remains of Julia's Roman villa, where Augustus' daughter was exiled. This legacy is preserved in local memory and can be seen in the remnants of former shops, lodgings, and canteens, as well as in a bookshop and publishing house dedicated to maintaining this heritage. In a period marked by renewed debate over the European project, Ventotene--reflecting a long history of both confinement and liberation--has been linked to pro-European sentiment. On the island, an independent bookshop, an annual meeting of young federalists, and a literature festival addressing themes of freedom and democracy have been established.

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#12182598

22 March 2025

The remains of the cell in the prison of Santo Stefano where Sandro Pertini is imprisoned, on September 25, 2019. Ventotene lacked plaques or signs commemorating its historical events for many years. Between 1941 and 1942, amid the war rubble on this small island between Lazio and Campania, Altiero Spinelli and a small group of individuals drafted the Ventotene manifesto--a text advocating European unity. The island's history as a place of confinement spans 2,000 years, as evidenced by the remains of Julia's Roman villa, where Augustus' daughter was exiled. This legacy is preserved in local memory and can be seen in the remnants of former shops, lodgings, and canteens, as well as in a bookshop and publishing house dedicated to maintaining this heritage. In a period marked by renewed debate over the European project, Ventotene--reflecting a long history of both confinement and liberation--has been linked to pro-European sentiment. On the island, an independent bookshop, an annual meeting of young federalists, and a literature festival addressing themes of freedom and democracy have been established.

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#12182599

22 March 2025

A street is in the city center of Ventotene, on September 23, 2019. Ventotene lacked plaques or signs commemorating its historical events for many years. Between 1941 and 1942, amid the war rubble on this small island between Lazio and Campania, Altiero Spinelli and a small group of individuals drafted the Ventotene manifesto--a text advocating European unity. The island's history as a place of confinement spans 2,000 years, as evidenced by the remains of Julia's Roman villa, where Augustus' daughter was exiled. This legacy is preserved in local memory and can be seen in the remnants of former shops, lodgings, and canteens, as well as in a bookshop and publishing house dedicated to maintaining this heritage. In a period marked by renewed debate over the European project, Ventotene--reflecting a long history of both confinement and liberation--has been linked to pro-European sentiment. On the island, an independent bookshop, an annual meeting of young federalists, and a literature festival addressing themes of freedom and democracy have been established.

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#12182601

22 March 2025

Salvatore is an expert in the history of Santo Stefano and a guide of the prison, which is officially closed to the public, on September 25, 2019. Ventotene lacked plaques or signs commemorating its historical events for many years. Between 1941 and 1942, amid the war rubble on this small island between Lazio and Campania, Altiero Spinelli and a small group of individuals drafted the Ventotene manifesto--a text advocating European unity. The island's history as a place of confinement spans 2,000 years, as evidenced by the remains of Julia's Roman villa, where Augustus' daughter was exiled. This legacy is preserved in local memory and can be seen in the remnants of former shops, lodgings, and canteens, as well as in a bookshop and publishing house dedicated to maintaining this heritage. In a period marked by renewed debate over the European project, Ventotene--reflecting a long history of both confinement and liberation--has been linked to pro-European sentiment. On the island, an independent bookshop, an annual meeting of young federalists, and a literature festival addressing themes of freedom and democracy have been established.

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#12182620

22 March 2025

Salvatore is an expert in the history of Santo Stefano and a guide of the prison, which is officially closed to the public, on September 25, 2019. Ventotene lacked plaques or signs commemorating its historical events for many years. Between 1941 and 1942, amid the war rubble on this small island between Lazio and Campania, Altiero Spinelli and a small group of individuals drafted the Ventotene manifesto--a text advocating European unity. The island's history as a place of confinement spans 2,000 years, as evidenced by the remains of Julia's Roman villa, where Augustus' daughter was exiled. This legacy is preserved in local memory and can be seen in the remnants of former shops, lodgings, and canteens, as well as in a bookshop and publishing house dedicated to maintaining this heritage. In a period marked by renewed debate over the European project, Ventotene--reflecting a long history of both confinement and liberation--has been linked to pro-European sentiment. On the island, an independent bookshop, an annual meeting of young federalists, and a literature festival addressing themes of freedom and democracy have been established.

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#12182623

22 March 2025

A street is in the city center of Ventotene, on September 23, 2019. Ventotene lacked plaques or signs commemorating its historical events for many years. Between 1941 and 1942, amid the war rubble on this small island between Lazio and Campania, Altiero Spinelli and a small group of individuals drafted the Ventotene manifesto--a text advocating European unity. The island's history as a place of confinement spans 2,000 years, as evidenced by the remains of Julia's Roman villa, where Augustus' daughter was exiled. This legacy is preserved in local memory and can be seen in the remnants of former shops, lodgings, and canteens, as well as in a bookshop and publishing house dedicated to maintaining this heritage. In a period marked by renewed debate over the European project, Ventotene--reflecting a long history of both confinement and liberation--has been linked to pro-European sentiment. On the island, an independent bookshop, an annual meeting of young federalists, and a literature festival addressing themes of freedom and democracy have been established.

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#12182593

22 March 2025

Fabio Masi is a bookseller and publisher specializing in the history of Ventotene and Santo Stefano, on September 23, 2019. Ventotene lacked plaques or signs commemorating its historical events for many years. Between 1941 and 1942, amid the war rubble on this small island between Lazio and Campania, Altiero Spinelli and a small group of individuals drafted the Ventotene manifesto--a text advocating European unity. The island's history as a place of confinement spans 2,000 years, as evidenced by the remains of Julia's Roman villa, where Augustus' daughter was exiled. This legacy is preserved in local memory and can be seen in the remnants of former shops, lodgings, and canteens, as well as in a bookshop and publishing house dedicated to maintaining this heritage. In a period marked by renewed debate over the European project, Ventotene--reflecting a long history of both confinement and liberation--has been linked to pro-European sentiment. On the island, an independent bookshop, an annual meeting of young federalists, and a literature festival addressing themes of freedom and democracy have been established.

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#12182602

22 March 2025

Fabio Masi is a bookseller and publisher specializing in the history of Ventotene and Santo Stefano, on September 23, 2019. Ventotene lacked plaques or signs commemorating its historical events for many years. Between 1941 and 1942, amid the war rubble on this small island between Lazio and Campania, Altiero Spinelli and a small group of individuals drafted the Ventotene manifesto--a text advocating European unity. The island's history as a place of confinement spans 2,000 years, as evidenced by the remains of Julia's Roman villa, where Augustus' daughter was exiled. This legacy is preserved in local memory and can be seen in the remnants of former shops, lodgings, and canteens, as well as in a bookshop and publishing house dedicated to maintaining this heritage. In a period marked by renewed debate over the European project, Ventotene--reflecting a long history of both confinement and liberation--has been linked to pro-European sentiment. On the island, an independent bookshop, an annual meeting of young federalists, and a literature festival addressing themes of freedom and democracy have been established.

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#12182604

22 March 2025

Cristina is a bookseller at the bookshop Ultima Spiaggia in Ventotene, on September 25, 2019. Ventotene lacked plaques or signs commemorating its historical events for many years. Between 1941 and 1942, amid the war rubble on this small island between Lazio and Campania, Altiero Spinelli and a small group of individuals drafted the Ventotene manifesto--a text advocating European unity. The island's history as a place of confinement spans 2,000 years, as evidenced by the remains of Julia's Roman villa, where Augustus' daughter was exiled. This legacy is preserved in local memory and can be seen in the remnants of former shops, lodgings, and canteens, as well as in a bookshop and publishing house dedicated to maintaining this heritage. In a period marked by renewed debate over the European project, Ventotene--reflecting a long history of both confinement and liberation--has been linked to pro-European sentiment. On the island, an independent bookshop, an annual meeting of young federalists, and a literature festival addressing themes of freedom and democracy have been established.

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#12182607

22 March 2025

The architectural structure of the prison of Santo Stefano is unique in its kind, on September 25, 2019. Ventotene lacked plaques or signs commemorating its historical events for many years. Between 1941 and 1942, amid the war rubble on this small island between Lazio and Campania, Altiero Spinelli and a small group of individuals drafted the Ventotene manifesto--a text advocating European unity. The island's history as a place of confinement spans 2,000 years, as evidenced by the remains of Julia's Roman villa, where Augustus' daughter was exiled. This legacy is preserved in local memory and can be seen in the remnants of former shops, lodgings, and canteens, as well as in a bookshop and publishing house dedicated to maintaining this heritage. In a period marked by renewed debate over the European project, Ventotene--reflecting a long history of both confinement and liberation--has been linked to pro-European sentiment. On the island, an independent bookshop, an annual meeting of young federalists, and a literature festival addressing themes of freedom and democracy have been established.

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#12182614

22 March 2025

One of the plates recalls the confinement of Sandro Pertini in Ventotene, on September 23, 2019. Ventotene lacked plaques or signs commemorating its historical events for many years. Between 1941 and 1942, amid the war rubble on this small island between Lazio and Campania, Altiero Spinelli and a small group of individuals drafted the Ventotene manifesto--a text advocating European unity. The island's history as a place of confinement spans 2,000 years, as evidenced by the remains of Julia's Roman villa, where Augustus' daughter was exiled. This legacy is preserved in local memory and can be seen in the remnants of former shops, lodgings, and canteens, as well as in a bookshop and publishing house dedicated to maintaining this heritage. In a period marked by renewed debate over the European project, Ventotene--reflecting a long history of both confinement and liberation--has been linked to pro-European sentiment. On the island, an independent bookshop, an annual meeting of young federalists, and a literature festival addressing themes of freedom and democracy have been established.

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#12182618

22 March 2025

The bars are on the windows of a prison cell in Santo Stefano, on September 25, 2019. Ventotene lacked plaques or signs commemorating its historical events for many years. Between 1941 and 1942, amid the war rubble on this small island between Lazio and Campania, Altiero Spinelli and a small group of individuals drafted the Ventotene manifesto--a text advocating European unity. The island's history as a place of confinement spans 2,000 years, as evidenced by the remains of Julia's Roman villa, where Augustus' daughter was exiled. This legacy is preserved in local memory and can be seen in the remnants of former shops, lodgings, and canteens, as well as in a bookshop and publishing house dedicated to maintaining this heritage. In a period marked by renewed debate over the European project, Ventotene--reflecting a long history of both confinement and liberation--has been linked to pro-European sentiment. On the island, an independent bookshop, an annual meeting of young federalists, and a literature festival addressing themes of freedom and democracy have been established.

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#12182612

22 March 2025

The small square and the commemorative plaque are dedicated to the opponents sent to confinement in Ventotene, on September 23, 2019. Ventotene lacked plaques or signs commemorating its historical events for many years. Between 1941 and 1942, amid the war rubble on this small island between Lazio and Campania, Altiero Spinelli and a small group of individuals drafted the Ventotene manifesto--a text advocating European unity. The island's history as a place of confinement spans 2,000 years, as evidenced by the remains of Julia's Roman villa, where Augustus' daughter was exiled. This legacy is preserved in local memory and can be seen in the remnants of former shops, lodgings, and canteens, as well as in a bookshop and publishing house dedicated to maintaining this heritage. In a period marked by renewed debate over the European project, Ventotene--reflecting a long history of both confinement and liberation--has been linked to pro-European sentiment. On the island, an independent bookshop, an annual meeting of young federalists, and a literature festival addressing themes of freedom and democracy have been established.

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#12182621

22 March 2025

The belvedere Sandro Pertini commemorates the former President of the Italian Republic, who is held in the prison of Santo Stefano during the fascist period, on September 23, 2019. Ventotene lacked plaques or signs commemorating its historical events for many years. Between 1941 and 1942, amid the war rubble on this small island between Lazio and Campania, Altiero Spinelli and a small group of individuals drafted the Ventotene manifesto--a text advocating European unity. The island's history as a place of confinement spans 2,000 years, as evidenced by the remains of Julia's Roman villa, where Augustus' daughter was exiled. This legacy is preserved in local memory and can be seen in the remnants of former shops, lodgings, and canteens, as well as in a bookshop and publishing house dedicated to maintaining this heritage. In a period marked by renewed debate over the European project, Ventotene--reflecting a long history of both confinement and liberation--has been linked to pro-European sentiment. On the island, an independent bookshop, an annual meeting of young federalists, and a literature festival addressing themes of freedom and democracy have been established.

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#12182611

22 March 2025

Salvatore, a guide at the prison of Santo Stefano, stands inside the structure in ruins, on September 25, 2019. Ventotene lacked plaques or signs commemorating its historical events for many years. Between 1941 and 1942, amid the war rubble on this small island between Lazio and Campania, Altiero Spinelli and a small group of individuals drafted the Ventotene manifesto--a text advocating European unity. The island's history as a place of confinement spans 2,000 years, as evidenced by the remains of Julia's Roman villa, where Augustus' daughter was exiled. This legacy is preserved in local memory and can be seen in the remnants of former shops, lodgings, and canteens, as well as in a bookshop and publishing house dedicated to maintaining this heritage. In a period marked by renewed debate over the European project, Ventotene--reflecting a long history of both confinement and liberation--has been linked to pro-European sentiment. On the island, an independent bookshop, an annual meeting of young federalists, and a literature festival addressing themes of freedom and democracy have been established.

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